Abstract
I studied the response of the Nibutani Dam in the Saru River, Central hokkaido, on August 2003 flood caused by typhoon. Occasional stay at Nibutai on the moment of typhoon attack allowed me to record a whole event by video. The purpose of my study is, on the basis of this video film and a thorough anaysis of the response of the dam to the flood , to create a video program. The analyses of t revealed that (1)the peak discharge from the dam was 1,4 times larger than the designed one; (2) inflow to the dam was also exceeded the designed maximum discharge, and it may cause the dam burst if the inflow continued; (3) downstream water level of the Saru remained much lower than the estimated height; (4) excessive amount of woody debris and muddy sediment flowed into the dam lake by flood water which influenced the flood control capacity of the dam, especially the discharge from the dam; (5) dam control was stopped by the blackout around the peak of the flood; (6)water gate downstream of the Saru was not closed by the Hokkaido Development Agency although an increase of the water level by the discharge from the Nibutani dam was announced. This caused an inundation of the residential area of Tomikawa town, and the citizens filed a lawsuit against the Hokkaido Development Agency. The video program will be an important tool for the creation of Citizen's Science to let the people understand easily the danger of flood control by a big dam like the Nibutani, to support the lawsuit of the Tomikawa citizens and finally to stop the Biratori dam which Hokkaido Development Agency is planning to construct upstream of the Saru.

View in the future
-The video program is incomplete in April, 2006. I want to complete this early.
-I want to hold the scheduled symposium with the completion of the video program.
-I want to relate the Saru river forum to the natural environment of not only the dam problem but also the valley and the legend of the Ainu people culture and to hold it.

The fertile nature and culture found in this survey should appeal its significance in modern society of Japan. Ishima-ura coast should be recognized as a model region to consider the framework of sustainable society. In view of such significance, we consider that the currently proceeding reclamation plan by Oita prefecture should be avoided.

In order to show the significance of nature and culture at Ishima-ura widely in the public, Onyu-jima natural history research group intends to publish the survey result and process a brochure and a CD with photographs of nature and culture.

[Purpose and Research ways] Given above circumstances, this aimed to critically analyze the US measures against HIBAKUSHA, the exposed people to the fallout, and exposed areas in the Marshall Islands. Researches were in the forms of field works to the Marshall Islands and survey of the US official documents to complete the purpose.

[Achievements] The below three are the major achievements. 1) I co-authored a book titled Hidden Hibakusha [Kakusareta Hibakusha] with Mr. MAEDA Tetsuo and two others. In the "chapter 3", I elaborated on questions about the contaminated area which was officially recognized by the US and compensation range the US established in 1986. Actually the US did admit the responsibility for the damages of the nuclear tests in 1986 when the Marshall Islands became independent. The US, however, limited the contaminated area to 4 atolls; Bikini, Eniwetok, Rongelap and Utrik out of 23 inhabited atolls/islands in Marshall Islands. The article indicated some evidences that the US was aware wider areas had been exposed to the "significant nuclear fallout" focusing on the case of Ailuk that is excluded from the compensation areas. The US paid $150 million to bring to legal "full settlement", concealing the fact. Bush administration rejected to make additional compensations requested by the Marshall Island government on the pretext of "full settlement."

2) 2006 marks the 60th commemoration par since the Bikini people were forced to leave their "sweet" home lands in 1946 to go into exile. Fortunately, I had an opportunity to visit Bikini, and accompanying a US DOE environmental survey team. In Majuro, the capital city of the Marshall Islands, I attended a Rongelap resettlement meeting for Rongelap people, who also exiled from their home. Both a DOE scientist and an independent German scientist commented "Rongelap is safe; you can resettlement now without any concerns." However, many Rongelap people doubt whether they really can resettle in Rongelap.

3) From the US official documents, a link between the Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission (ABCC) and nuclear tests in the Marshall Islands has been cleared little by little. For instance, the US had already set up monitoring spots around the world to survey fallout including Hiroshima and Nagasaki the BRAVO was detonated in 1954. Moreover, human bones were provided from Japan to the US as samples to examine the globe effect of fallout on human beings in cooperation with the ABCC researchers. In addition, it became clear Dr Conrad who was in charged of follow up medical study in the Marshall Islands visited ABCC, trying to build a "strong liaison between ABCC and Marshallese studies" which he thought "is of mutual benefit".

- After "professional attachment, another compulsory component of the course, and the pilot project of the research, I developed my research project proposal.

- The aim of the research is to study the use of medicines in Community Health Centers (CHCs) in Timore-Leste. Specific objectives are:

1) to describe prescribing and dispensing patterns in CHCs and nurse's adherence to new Standard Treatment Guidelines (STGs),
2) to identify factors that influence the adherence to STGs, and
3) to make recommendations about strategies to improve the use of medicines in CHCs, especially through STGs and the training introducing STGs.

- Main target of the research is nurses who are working in rural CHCs. A case study method is used for the research, based on multiple sources from quantitative and qualitative data. We are now collecting data by: 1) sampling from patient registration books in 2005, 2) direct observation at 3 points in the CHC (consultation rooms, dispensing counter and exit), and 3) in-depth interview to nurses. Sample size is 20 CHCs (Level 2 = without beds), which are randomly selected. In each CHC, we collect 100 cases from patient registration books and 30 consecutive cases for direct observation, and interview to 3 nurses.
- I have been staying in Timor-Leste for the main project since November 2005, and spent 4 months for the preparation of the data collection, including staff training. We started actual data collection in CHCs in the end of February 2006, and completed it in 15 out of 20 targeted CHCs.

- We are now suspending our data collection because of the unstable security situation in Timor-Leste. However, serious situation is limited in the capital and some specific areas, and they say people in rural areas do not make major changes in their daily life. Therefore, I hope to resume our work in Timor-Leste as soon as possible.

- I will feedback the future results to the respondents (nurses) and related sections. Moreover, I hope to publish in an academic journal and have presentation in an academic meeting because I believe they are very important ways of advocacy.

Many examples of human affect which could be cause to disrupt nature were found. I located all examples on GIS map with photograph showing the situation and text explanation. Furthermore, recommended actions for conservation were indicated. It might be not sufficient of most tour programme to usefully act as nature education. Field research of the attachment position on bouldery - pepply rock substrate in neritid snails revealed that most neritid individuals seemed to prefer attaching beneath rocks than above.

The results revealed that the satisfying bailout with health, living, welfare, and other haven't been done on each different group. Even though recognized patients are compensated with money and medical services, other problems haven't reached to the solutions yet.

Minamata Disease is divided under many different measures socially and institutionally. This may be the reason of causing the confusion on the images of Minamata Disease among the victims. Therefore, we can conclude that such situations have occurred: some victims haven't realized their suffering or discriminations have occurred against and among victims.

The presentations outward
-Research on Environmental Disruption Volume34 Number4 Spring 2005
Study on Impact of Long-Term Mercury Contamination in a Native Canadian Reservation (1975〜2004) Masazumi Harada, Chihito Araki, Masami Tajiri, Itsuka Nagano, et,al.
-January 7, 2006 Reporting at 1st Minamata Disease case research interchange
-January 18, 2006 Reporting at 4th term Kumamoto Gakuen University lecture on 'Minamata Disease Studies', 'Tackling with Minamata Disease Studies (symposium)'
Araki: 'Rapid increase of applicants after the Supreme Court ruling on Kansai Suit'
Tajiri: 'Created Images and the roles of congenital Minamata Disease Patients'
Nagano: 'Conscious structure of discrimination against Minamata Disease with my personal history'
-"Kan: History, Environment Civilization" Vol.25 Spring 2006 '50th'commemoration from the official recognition of Minamata Disease, What is Minamata Disease?
Other: appearance on TV, newspaper several times

This research focused on the actual damages of recognized and congenital patients and unrecognized sufferers, which had been past over, and only partially but we were able to clarify them. However, there are still many victims even today. Therefore, we will continue to research and clarify their conditions from the viewpoints of livelihood welfare, social, and community welfare. Furthermore, as we deepen our research, we want to study the social extent and present of Minamata Disease damages.

In this study, we are monitoring using the mud samples got by the bottom sampler at the 80 fixed points of inside and outside of the dike for reclamation of Isahaya Bay since 1997, and analyzing the changes of water quality, bottom sediments and benthos fauna caused by the Isahaya Reclamation Project. In this year, sediment samples were collected from the 50 fixed stations in the outer part of Isahaya Bay on June 1-2 and November 21-22, and also collected from the 31 fixed stations in the inner part of this bay on August 17-18.

As a result, in the both inner and outer parts of Isahaya Bay, number of species and mean individual density of benthos rapidly decreased from 1997 to 2000, and then only few species increased from 2001 to 2003.However, in 2005, most of them have disappeared or decreased rapidly in the both inner and outer parts of Isahaya Bay. We published these results at the symposium and scientific papers, and appealed the crisis of the Ariake Sea to public.

The results of this research will be used as the theoretical ground in order to require the investigation of opening the gate against the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, and these will be possible to supply basic data before opening the gate for future studies after opening the gate of Isahaya Bay.

For effective regulation of endocrine disrupters, proactive measures based on the precautionary principle are essential. In order to demonstrate that sufficient scientific evidence of endocrine disruption, albeit inconclusive, is available, I compiled scientific findings which support the threat posed by endocrine disrupters is real. Initially, I planned to complete my thesis by the end of April, but due to delay, the deadline was postponed to the end of September. One of the reasons for the delay is writing a paper titled 'REACH and European environmental policy making' for a presentation in the Law School. I finished the presentation successfully, and the paper is of pretty good standard, I hope that some amendments will make it publishable in a legal journal.

Over the year, I had some stimulating discussions with some scientists, which helped me to form the conclusion of my thesis.

Creating a world free of toxic chemicals is my life-long dream. By focusing on endocrine disrupters, which pose tremendous challenge to the current toxics-regulatory regime, I envisaged that my thesis would reveal the shortcomings experienced under the legal approach implemented to control toxic chemicals. Needless to say, undertaking this project itself has been one of the biggest challenges in my life, but the next challenge is how and where I would make the most of the expertise I gained in the PhD process. I will get a post as a lecturer, post doctoral researcher, researcher in an environmental NGO or an official in an international organization, where I could materialize my vision.

During our research we conducted more than 10 field inspections of pipeline construction through spawning rivers, we held meetings with affected groups in Korsakov district, and we helped organize public hearings in the city of Korsakov to discuss the problems associated with the dumping of dredging materials into Aniva Bay. We also organized a citizen petition against dumping of dredging materials into Aniva Bay and conducted a number of expeditions to Nogliksky district to study the impact of the Sakhalin II project on indigenous peoples.

Field inspections revealed violations of Russian Federation law and instances where pipeline construction is having a greater impact on river ecosystems than that permitted by law and project materials. Information about these violations was provided to state agencies that then conducted their own inspections and issued large fines to Sakhalin Energy contractors. In addition, photo reports containing descriptions of the violations and the impacts on rivers were sent to banks considering financing of the Sakhalin II project. As a result of the steady attention of NGOs, of state agencies and of financial institutions, Sakhalin Energy is taking aggressive actions to develop and introduce measures to decrease environmental impact during pipeline construction.

Interviews with Korsakov district residents and public meetings held in the city of Korsakov show that the local population is strongly opposed to dumping of dredging materials from jetty construction into the central portion of Aniva Bay. The resolution from the public meetings and more than a thousand signatures against the dumping of dredging materials were sent to Sakhalin Energy, to the Russian Federation government, to the Governor of Sakhalin Oblast and to international banks. Sakhalin Energy, however, has ignored local opinion and continues its dredging operations, now having dumped more than 2 million tons of dredging materials into Aniva Bay. In response to public pressure, the work is being carried out in a shorter time frame than originally planned in project materials.

During research on the project's impact on indigenous peoples it was discovered that the Sakhalin I and Sakhalin II project pipeline routes cross traditional reindeer pasture, fishing grounds, berry and mushroom gathering areas and other non-timber forest product collection sites. However, compensation to the indigenous peoples has not been provided and mitigation measures have not been taken. Only after protests by indigenous peoples and bank pressure did Sakhalin Energy begin to develop an Indigenous People Development Plan to provide direct financial support of natives.